这篇文章发表后会带给很多人疑虑，但这是有国外文献记载的，信者恒信，不信者恒不信
我单纯想让各位爱狗的人知道这讯息。
狗狗为何要在4个月内打完3剂？
因为狗狗那时还算幼犬，加上狗狗的免疫系统是被动的，
那时候每打一剂效果是1个月，刚好第三剂是4个月大。
打完那第三剂，效果长达一年，所以在一岁4个月大时会打第4剂，这第4剂
效果却长达3年，第4剂以后的每一剂效果都长达3年，不再是每一年打一剂
也就是说狗狗的抵抗力和吸收预防针的能力随年龄而不同，假设你家狗狗在
第4个月大时，打了第一剂预防针，隔年1岁4个月要补一剂，之后的每3年打
一次即可。
这观念暂时很难被接受，但确实是国外开始推广的，因为一堆文献都在推翻
以前每一年打一剂的旧思维，甚至以后随年龄所打的预防针都不同，因为八
合一只是在帮未成年狗狗增强免疫系统功能，当随着年龄增大，所需的被动
预防也变少(要看暴露的环境)。
请各位参考看看吧
以下内容从大墩宠物医疗中心网站上电子报撷取下来
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请您一字不漏的看完以下文章,在看完这篇文章前,请勿做任何决定,尤其是曾经看过我的书”别只给我一根骨头”的朋友请您一定要注意,因为这是医学上的修正,请以下文为依据!!!
从1989年起,全世界的兽医都开始对于疫苗的施打要求每年补强一次,因为几乎所有的学者都认为动物是所谓的被动免疫系统,无法如同人类般产生终身的免疫,但是随着医学的进步,一篇篇不利预防注射的文献纷纷出炉,有更多的学者专家投入免疫学的研究,1996年发现自体免疫的问题和预防注射有关,尤其是自体免疫的溶血性贫血(狗),这是一种会严重破坏自我的红血球细胞的一种病,而到了1998年American Association of Feline Practitioners又发现每年施打疫苗会增加猫咪纤维肉瘤-fibrosarcoma的机会,所以开始对猫咪的疫苗注射补强时间延长至三年,再加上事实上有些病毒性疾病在注射疫苗以后甚至于可以达到七年的效力,所以近两年来我们都会不禁的问” 我们会不会太常帮它们打预防针呢?”
2001年九月一日在the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 的文献中有一篇由American Veterinary Medical Association Executive Board 所公告的”预防注射的原则”在这份文献中宣布,对免疫系统的不必要的刺激并不会增加对疾病的抵抗力,而且反而可能会导致预防注射后引发的可能副作用. 并且要求兽医们将预防注射分为core及non-core(后面会说明),还有要对每一只动物给与它合适的疫苗注射schedule!
所谓core vaccine就是对于狗猫来说,有高危险性疾病的疫苗,而non-core则是较低危险性疾病的疫苗,
狗的core vaccine如下:
1. CPV-2(CANINE PARVOVIRUS-2)犬小病毒出血性胃肠炎第二型
2. CDV(CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS)犬瘟热病毒
3. CAV-2(CANINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE2 ,INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS) 传染性肝炎,由犬腺病毒第二型所控制
4. RV(RABIES VIRUS) 狂犬病病毒
但是几乎所有的CAV-2在制造时都配着Parainfluenza (PI)副流行性感冒病毒,所以它虽不是CORE VACCINE,但是却也被放在CORE VACCINE内,
猫的core vaccine如下:
1. FPV(PANLEUKOPENIA)猫瘟—parvovirus 引起
2. FHV-1(VIRAL RHINOTRACHEITIS)病毒性鼻支气管炎-herpesvirus type 1引起
3. FCV(FELINE CALICIVIRUS)猫卡利希病毒-calcivirus 引起
4. RV(RABIES VIRUS) 狂犬病病毒
上述的CORE VACCINE是一定要施打的,但是除了幼年期的注射,从第一剂注射开始,每三到四周打一次,一直打到狗猫满16周龄为止,之后的第一年要补强一剂,只要有照这样的过程执行的犬猫就能达到幼年期完整的防疫,这一剂的补强以后,每三年要再次补强一次,不可以低于三年.对于已经超过四个月才施打第一次疫苗的犬猫.则是施打一次以后,隔年再补强一次,然后每三年补强一剂,一样不可以低于三年!这些疫苗所产生的抗体力价已被证实可以维持三年以上,所以每三年一次的补强是绝对足够的!
NON-CORE VACCINE:
以过敏反应来说,死毒的疫苗比活毒疫苗来得容易,而细菌疫苗又比病毒疫苗来的容易,这也就是为何疫苗容易过敏的原因,因为现有的六合一七合一或字八合一都有钩端螺旋体,而这正是死菌疫苗!!所有被归纳在NON-CORE 的疫苗,都不一定要施打,这些疫苗是否要施打就要依照不同的地区及国度,及所暴露的环境,由兽医师帮您决定是否需要施打.
狗的NON-CORE VACCINE有
1. 钩端螺旋体(leptospirosis)
2. 莱姆病(Lyme Disease)-由Borrelia burgdorferi引起
3. 冠状病毒肠炎-由Corona virus 引起
1. 博氏杆菌(犬舍咳-) bordetella bronchiseptica引起
4. 梨型虫Giardia
而猫的NOR-CORE VACCINE有
2. 博氏杆菌(犬舍咳)-bordetella bronchiseptica引起
3. FIP(传染性腹膜炎)-coronavirus 引起
4. FeLV(猫白血病)leukemia virus 引起
5. Chlamydia psittaci
6. 梨形虫Giardia
7. Microsporum canis(感染后会引发猫咪的皮肤病)
以钩端螺旋体来说,台湾已有不少的病历报告,而且还会传染给人类,慎至于会造成严重的肾脏伤害,所以建议您注射,而莱姆病和梨形虫对于整天在沙发上的小型犬来说是没有必要的,但是对于会外出感染壁虱或是接触到病原的狗狗来说,它也是需要注射的.而布氏杆菌(犬舍咳)对于常常会去暴露在多数的狗群中或是要参加dog show或是常常要去住宿的狗来说,就是需要的了!而冠状病毒肠炎在家犬是比较严重的,它的发生主要和大量的紧迫有关,而外出接触别的动物就是容易产生stress的,但是因为目前的台湾,绝大多数的狗狗并没有很好的社会化行为,所以在鼓励外出的情况下,我们仍然建议施打,切勿为了省钱而让你的狗狗没有社会化的行为!
而猫咪FIP(传染性腹膜炎,由)的感染率约1:5000,而疫苗注射二周后的尖峰期也只有60-80%的保护效果,而研究显示猫咪在施打这种疫苗时必须是coronavirus free的状态而且抗体力价要低于1:100,可是却有20-40%的猫的抗体力价超过1:100,所以限制对没有coronavirus的猫咪族群使用疫苗可降低感染率,而且改变饲养管理方式会比疫苗注射来得有效!(如增加猫砂盆的数量,降低饲养密度….等等)
而FeLV(猫白血病)是一种致命性的传染病,而且在自然感染下复元后的猫咪仍然会再次的感染,也是最容易引发sarcoma的疫苗之一,在台湾,我们建议在有机会接触病原危险的幼猫开始注射.
Chlamydia psittaci和Microsporum canis在猫咪并不会致命,也不常见,疫苗施打只能减轻临床症状,所以前者除了有怀疑感染此菌的猫咪以外并不建议施打,而后者比较建议用来治疗而非预防!这些non-core疫苗的注射如果需要时,使用频率和core vaccine是一样的
而狂犬病目前因为严重的人畜共通及法令的问题,目前仍以各地的法令为依据.
所以现在我们建议的施打方式如下:
(犬猫皆同)
六周以上开始注射第一剂,之后每三到四周打一次,一直打到它满十六周龄,一岁四个月时补强一剂,之后每三年补强一剂
若是您的犬猫年龄是超过四个月的,而又没有确认的疫苗记录,在检查没问题之后,隔年再补强一剂,之后每三年施打一次!
而施打的种类就请您的医生给您建议了,要依照每一只动物的不同状况给予不同的建议!!
对于动物医院的医生,我们很抱歉,因为这样的文献只会减少您的收入,但是这是对的事情,必须让饲主知道,我们会在本文的最后提供文献资料以供阅读,对于饲主, 虽然您不用每年跑医院打预防针了,但是如果您没有遵照上述的方式来打的话,您的宠物就非常容易发生重大疾病,请一定要遵守幼年的预防注射方式,才能确保它们得到足够的免疫能力!!
对于每一位饲主,虽然您可以三年才去打一次疫苗,但是请您每年一定要回医院检查,最基本的全身健康检查以及每年两次的心丝虫筛检(犬猫皆同),以及每年的洗牙是更重要的,不要因为可以三年打一次预防针,就真的三年跑一次医院,这三年,犬猫等于过了十二年,请您仍然每年定期带去医院一趟,我们建议您安排在您生日那一天之后,这样比较不会忘记,对于疫苗太常注射所引起的问题如溶血性贫血以及纤维组织瘤的部份将在下一回开始的大敦电子报中开始介绍,若有兴趣的人,到时后请再看看!
大敦宠物医疗中心将从2002年10月15日起,全面改变预防注射的方式,因为关心,所以用心
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国外参考网站:
http://www.cavaliersonline.c...ccinenew.htm http://www.vmth.ucdavis.edu/vmth/cl...accinproto.html http://www.inkabijou....xine.htm http://rrcus.org/assets/html/about/hea...fieldVaccine.pdf http://www.vth.colostate...avp2.html ============================================================
