地震来了怎知道？手机「剧透」报你知 Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
#阅读测验 #数位·科技·科学 #安全·医疗
10/10 解析英语
作者 Mark Darvill
阅读时间 6分钟
听讲解 听朗读
本图文出处:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...061309290493335MP3:
地震来了怎知道？手机「剧透」报你知 Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
「哔 ── 哔 ── 哔。」你的手机在深夜里大叫着，把你吵醒了。
目录 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻译(& 答案)
阅读测验 | 本篇为「Premium文章」想看完整文章请订阅 IVY Engrest！
“Beep—beep—beep.” Your phone roars in the dead of night and wakes you up. Adrenaline surges as a low rumble shakes the pictures on the nightstand. Panic threatens, but you remember the earthquake drill you practiced. You drop to the ground, take cover under your desk, and hold on tight. Though the shaking intensifies, relief washes over you because you knew it was coming thanks to the warning. How do we get these precious seconds before an earthquake hits? Enter earthquake early warning systems, life-saving tools that provide a crucial head start for taking cover or evacuating.
Operating through a network of sensors strategically positioned in earthquake-prone regions, earthquake early warning systems detect initial seismic waves with remarkable precision. These waves are split into two categories: primary (P) and secondary (S) waves. P waves travel through the Earth at the highest speeds, preceding the slower but more destructive S waves. After the system senses P waves, it uses this information to assess the earthquake’s approximate location and strength. It then transmits this critical information to individuals and organizations in at-risk areas via mobile applications and other automated communication channels before S waves arrive.
While this system may sound reliable, it has limitations. Because of the speed of P and S waves, the window of opportunity for taking action is inevitably limited, especially in densely populated areas. Additionally, an early warning system alone cannot prevent damage or casualties from earthquakes. Its effectiveness is maximized only when it’s combined with widespread public awareness. It is imperative that the public be thoroughly educated on how to appropriately respond when earthquakes strike, including immediate actions to take, identification of safe locations, and familiarity with evacuation routes.
Earthquakes can be destructive and unpredictable. Hopefully, by combining technology with informed action, we can better protect ourselves and our communities from their devastating impact.
1. How does the author begin the passage?
(A) By describing a scenario when an earthquake strikes.
(B) By detailing what people should do in case of an earthquake.
(C) By outlining the possible damage an earthquake might bring.
(D) By providing the developing history of earthquake early warning systems.
2. What is the correct order of how earthquake early warning systems work when an earthquake strikes?
a. S waves travel through the Earth.
b. Earthquake early warning systems send out warnings.
c. P waves travel through the Earth.
d. Earthquake early warning systems analyze the data.
(A) a → c → d → b
(B) c → a → d → b
(C) a → d → b → c
(D) c → d → b → a
3. What aspect of earthquake early warning systems is NOT discussed in the passage?
(A) What can be done to maximize their effectiveness.
(B) How they help people when an earthquake occurs.
(C) The cost of building one.
(D) The challenges they face.
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of “informed action” mentioned in the last paragraph?
(A) Being aware of evacuation shelters nearby.
(B) Learning how to design an app for earthquake warnings.
(C) Finding cover as soon as receiving an earthquake warning.
(D) Being conscious of the way to escape once an earthquake hits.
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
precision [prɪˋsɪʒən]
n. . 精确性
●
split [splɪt]
vi. 分开
.vt. 劈开；分裂
n. 裂口；意见分歧
●
threaten [ˋθrɛtn]
vt. 威胁……；有……的前兆
●
intensify [ɪnˋtɛnsə͵faɪ]
vi. 加剧
vt. 增强，强化
●
evacuate [ɪˋvækjʊ͵et]
vi. & vt. . 撤离
●
evacuation [ɪ͵vækjʊˋeʃən]
n. 撤离
●
precede [ pri`sid ]
vt. 在……之前
●
destructive [dɪˋstrʌktɪv]
a. 破坏的
●
assess [əˋsɛs]
vt. 评估；对……估价
●
devastating [ˋdɛvəs͵tetɪŋ]
adj. 毁灭性的
●
approximate [əˋprɑksəmɪt]
vt. & vi. 近似于
a. . 大概的 & [ J`praksJ:met ]
●
populated [ˋpɑpjə͵letɪd]
a. 有人居住的
●
casualty [ˋkæʒjʊəltɪ]
n. . 伤亡人数（可数）
●
maximize [ˋmæksə͵maɪz]
vt. 极大化；充分利用
●
identification [aɪ͵dɛntəfəˋkeʃən]
n. 身分证明（不可数，缩写为 ID）
●
familiarity [fə͵mɪlɪˋærətɪ]
n. . 通晓，熟悉；亲近（皆为不可数）
●
unpredictable [͵ʌnprɪˋdɪktəb!]
a. 不可预料的，难以预料的
Extra Words
●
adrenaline [ædˋrɛn!ɪn]
n. 肾上腺素
●
surge [sɝdʒ]
n. & vi. 激增，上扬；急冲，涌入
●
rumble [ˋrʌmb!]
vi. 发出辘辘声
●
nightstand
n. 床头柜
●
strategically [strəˋtidʒɪk!ɪ]
adv. 策略上地；战略性地
●
seismic [ˋsaɪzmɪk]
adj. 地震
●
transmit [trænsˋmɪt]
vt. . 传送（电视、广播等）；传播（疾病或能量）
●
at-risk [ætˋrɪsk]
a. 处于危险的
●
automated [ˋɔtometɪd]
a. 自动化的
●
inevitably [ɪnˋɛvətəblɪ]
adv. 不可避免地，必然地
●
informed [ɪnˋfɔrmd]
a. 了解情况的
●
scenario [sɪˋnɛrɪ͵o]
n. 可能发生的情景 / 局面
●
the dead of night 深夜
●
a head start （竞赛或赛跑等中）先起步的优势 （本文表在地震来袭前能提前反应的时间、优势）
●
the window of opportunity 时机之窗（指可以做某件事的短暂时机）
Practical Phrases
●
take cover 找到掩护处
It was raining, and I couldn’t find any placeto take cover.
当时正在下雨，而我找不到地方躲雨。
●
hold on tight 紧紧抓住
Hold on tight. We’re about to go on the wild ride.
抓紧啰。我们刺激的游乐设施之旅要开始了。
●
wash over sb （感觉）向某人袭来
When her husband showed up after she was in a car accident, a feeling of relief washed over Elaine.
依莲的丈夫在她出车祸后出现时，她感到如释重负。
●
with precision 精准地
= precisely
The professor chose his words with precision. 这位教授用字遣词很精准。
●
split sth into 将某物（划）分成⋯⋯
More to Learn
earthquake-prone a. 易于∕经常发生地震的
• Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
日本是全世界最常发生地震的国家之一。
prone 表「有……倾向的，易于……的」，为形容词，其前可与若干名词并用，形成复合形容词，“N-prone” 表「容易（发生）……的」。以下列举其他常见的搭配：
accident-prone 容易发生意外的
acne-prone 容易长痘痘的
fire-prone 容易发生意外的
flood-prone 容易发生水患的
injury-prone 容易受伤的
• Ken is quite accident-prone and often gets injured while working.
阿肯很容易发生意外，经常在工作时受伤。
• The dry weather has made the forest particularly fire-prone this season.
干燥的天气使这个季节的森林特别容易发生火灾。
prone 亦常用于以下句型：
be prone to V 往往会∕易于……
= be inclined to V
= be liable to V
= tend to V
• If I go out in the sun for too long, I’m prone to get a serious sunburn.
假如我在阳光下待太久，就很容易严重晒伤。
Grammar Tips
It is imperative that the public be thoroughly educated on how to appropriately respond when earthquakes strike, ...
介绍意志形容词的用法
意志形容词就是表示「有必要的」、「适当的」等形容词，常用的此类形容词如下：
advisable 明智的，值得建议的
crucial 至关重要的
desirable 可取的，令人向往的
essential 必要的，不可或缺的
imperative、necessary 必要的
important 重要的
recommendable 值得推荐的
urgent 刻不容缓的，紧急的
vital 极其重要的
以上形容词与 that 子句形成下列句型时，that 子句恒使用助动词 should，而 should 往往予以省略。
• It is advisable that your password contain no personal information.
你的密码不包含个人资料的做法是明智的。
• It is necessary that the project (should) be carried out immediately.
该计画有必要立刻执行。
• It is urgent that everybody conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions.
大家节能减碳是刻不容缓的。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
精选试题
It is imperative that everyone _____ the guidelines in the manual.
(A) follows (B) follow
(C) to follow (D) following
答案：B
中文翻译(& 答案)
「哔 ── 哔 ── 哔。」你的手机在深夜里大叫着，把你吵醒了。一阵低沉的轰隆声摇晃着床头柜上的照片时，你的肾上腺素激增。惊慌的感觉袭来，但你想起了你曾演练过的地震演习。你趴到地上、在桌子下找掩护，并紧紧抓牢。虽然摇晃愈发剧烈，但你松了一口气，因为幸亏有了警报，你知道地震要来了。我们是如何得到地震来袭前这宝贵的几秒钟呢？来看看地震预警系统 ── 这些救命工具提供了找掩护或撤离的关键优势。
地震预警系统透过策略性布置在地震多发区域的一系列感测器来运作，能够非常精准地侦测到初期的地震波。这些地震波分为两类：纵波（P 波）和横波（S 波）。P 波以最快速度穿过地球，在速度较慢但更具破坏性的 S 波前到来。系统在感知到 P 波后，利用这些资讯评估地震的大致位置和强度。系统接着会透过手机应用程式和其他自动化通讯管道，将这个关键资讯传送给处于风险区域的人和组织，赶在 S 波到来之前发出预警。
尽管这个系统可能听起来很可靠，但它有限制。由于 P 波和 S 波的传播速度，采取行动的短暂时机必然是有限的，特别是在人口密集的地区。此外，单靠预警系统无法防止地震造成的损害或人员伤亡。只有当预警系统与大众对地震广泛的意识结合时，其效用才能最大化。大众必须完整地学习在地震来临时如何适当应对，包括要立即采取的行动、辨识安全地点和熟悉疏散路线。
地震可能会是具有破坏性且无法预测的。希望透过结合科技和充分知情的行动，我们可以更好地保护自己和我们的社区，免于遭受地震毁灭性的影响。
1. 作者是如何开始本文的？
(A) 透过描述地震来袭的情景。 (B) 透过详述万一发生地震，人们应该做什么。
(C) 透过概述地震可能会带来的潜在损害。 (D) 透过提供地震预警系统的发展史。
2. 何者是地震预警系统在地震来袭时正确的运作顺序？
a. S 波穿过地球。 b. 地震预警系统发出警报。 c. P 波穿过地球。 d. 地震预警系统分析资料。
(A) a → c → d → b (B) c → a → d → b (C) a → d → b → c (D) c → d → b → a
3. 本文并未讨论到地震预警系统的哪个面向？
(A) 可以做什么来最大化它们的效用。 (B) 它们在地震发生时如何帮助人们。
(C) 建造一个预警系统的成本。 (D) 它们所面临的挑战。
4. 下列何者不是最后一段提到的 “informed action” 的例子？
(A) 知晓附近的避难收容所。 (B) 学习如何设计地震警报的应用程式。
(C) 在收到地震警报时尽快找掩护。 (D) 知道一旦发生地震时的逃离路线。
题解: 此处的 informed action 指的是第三段提到的要立即采取的行动、辨识安全地点和熟悉疏散路线等，并未提及学习设计地震警报的应用程式，故选 (B)。
答案： 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
