肚子饿了吗?先去读书吧! Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach
Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach
#克漏字
6/20 解析英语
作者 Leila Pereira
阅读时间 7分钟
听讲解 听朗读
本图文出处:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...031014501567268MP3:肚子饿了吗?先去读书吧! Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach
饥饿素由肠胃分泌，而且会刺激我们脑中称为下视丘的区块。
克漏字
Hunger is a sensation that every human being on the planet has experienced at least once in their lifetime. The signals of hunger—the sharp hunger pangs and grumbling stomach noises—often grow in __1__ until the thought of food overwhelms every other thought in our mind. So, it's a bit surprising that researchers at Yale Medical School recently found that hunger can actually __2__.
The research team had been studying the hormone ghrelin and the path it takes through the body. Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and is supposed to stimulate a part of our brain called the hypothalamus. This part registers hunger and compels the body to __3__ food. What the scientists discovered is that ghrelin is also found in the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain that handles learning and memory.
To test the effect of ghrelin on intelligence, the scientists designed some mazes and tests for their mice. They compared a group of mice injected with the hormone to a control group of mice that __4__. The mice given ghrelin outperformed the control group in every task and test.
Although it may seem counterintuitive, it makes sense if you look at it __5__ an evolutionary perspective. Our ancestors were hunters, gatherers, and foragers. When they got hungry, they had to chase down and search for their own meals. The task required extreme focus. So, the next time you’re studying for a final exam, being a little hungry may help you concentrate.
1. (A) demand (B) contrast (C) frequency (D) property
2. (A) keep us alive (B) make us smarter (C) lift our spirits (D) leave you healthier
3. (A) acquire (B) ensure (C) regulate (D) dominate
4. (A) didn’t inject (B) aren’t to be injected (C) wouldn’t be injecting (D) hadn’t been injected
5. (A) upon (B) at (C) from (D) by
答案：1.C 2.B. 3.A 4.D 5.C
目录 / Tips & Analysis / More to Learn / 中文翻译
Tips & Analysis
The signals of hunger—the sharp hunger pangs and grumbling stomach noises—often grow in frequency until the thought of food overwhelms every other thought in our mind.
理由
a. (A) demand [ dɪˋmænd ] n. 需求;要求
in demand 被需要
• Facial masks are in high demand during the severe pandemic.
口罩在那场严重的疫情期间需求很高。
(B) contrast [ ˋkɑn͵træst ] n. 对比
in / by contrast 相比之下
• Life in big cities is busy. In contrast, living in the country is quite relaxing.
城市的生活很繁忙。相较之下，住在乡村里则是十 分悠闲。
(C) frequency [ ˋfrikwənsɪ ] n. (事件发生的)频率/频繁
• The increasing frequency of typhoons is causing great damage to crops.
愈来愈频繁的台风对农作物造成巨大的损害。
(D) property [ ˋprɑpɚtɪ ] n. 财产(不可数)
• Hotels are not responsible for any damage to personal property.
饭店对于个人财产的损坏不会负任何责任。
b. 空格后的 until 表某件事会持续到某个时间点为 止，根据语意，饥饿的信号通常会变得愈来愈「频 繁」，直到对食物的挂念压倒了我们脑中其他的思 想，故 (C) 项应为正选。
2. So, it’s a bit surprising that researchers at Yale Medical School recently found that hunger can actually make us smarter.
理由
a. (A) 让我们活下去
alive [ əˋlaɪv ] a. 活着的
• The firefighter went to rescue a little boy in the fire; fortunately, both of them came out alive.
那名消防员进去火场抢救一名小男孩;幸好他们都 活着出来。
(B) 让我们更聪明
smart [ smɑrt ] a. 聪明的
• Sheepdogs are said to be smarter than other dogs.
据说牧羊犬比其他狗狗更聪明。
(C) 提振我们的心情
lift one’s spirits
提振(某人的)心情(spirits 恒用复数形)
• The lyrics of the song always lift my spirits when I’m down.
这首歌的歌词总能在我低落时提振我的心情。
(D) 让你更健康
healthy [ ˋhɛlθɪ ] a. 健康的
• The doctor suggested that Kyle should eat light and healthy meals.
医生建议凯尔饮食要清淡健康。
b. 空格前一句提到饥饿会占据大脑，空格后两段提及 饥饿素(ghrelin)在掌握学习与记忆的海马回中被 找到，并发现注射饥饿素的老鼠表现优于未被注射 的控制组，故选 (B)，表有点意外的是，耶鲁医学 院的研究员发现饥饿其实可以「让我们更聪明」。
3.This part registers hunger and compels the body to acquire food.
理由
a. (A) acquire [ əˋkwaɪr ] vt. 取得，获得
• Julia invited her friends to view some works of art she just acquired.
茱莉亚邀请她朋友来欣赏一些她刚获得的艺术品。
(B) ensure [ ɪnˋʃʊr ] vt. 确保
• The famous actress hired bodyguards to ensure her personal safety.
那位知名女演员雇用了保镳以确保她的人身安全。
(C) regulate [ ˋrɛgjə ] vt. 控制，管理
• This device can regulate the temperature in the greenhouse.
这个装置可以控制温室里的温度。
(D) dominate [ ˋdɑmə͵net ] vt. 支配，主宰
• Harold dominates the basketball game every time he participates.
哈洛德每次参加篮球比赛都主宰全场。
b. 空格前一句提到饥饿素会刺激脑中的下视丘，可知 下视丘这个区块会意识到饥饿并促使身体去「取得」食物，故 (A) 项应为正选。
4.They compared a group of mice injected with the hormone to a control group of mice that hadn’t been injected.
理由
a. 本题测试过去完成式的用法: 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作，「先发生的动 作」用过去完成式，而「后发生的动作」则用过去 简单式表示。
b. 本句描述的是过去发生的事，科学家们比较有注射 饥饿素与「无注射」的老鼠，注射的动作早于做比 较，可知空格应用过去
c. inject A with B 为 A 注射 B
inject [ ɪnˋdʒɛkt ] vt. 注射
• James has diabetes, so he injects himself with insulin every day.
詹姆斯患有糖尿病，所以他每天都会为自己注射胰岛素。
*insulin [ ˋɪnsəlɪn ] n. 胰岛素
5. Although it may seem counterintuitive, it makes sense if you look at it from an evolutionary perspective.
理由
a. 本题测试 “from a(n)... perspective” 的固定用 法，置入后表虽然这看似违反直觉，但如果「从」 演化「的观点」来看就说得通，故选 (C)。
b. perspective [ pɚˋspɛktɪv ] n. 观点
• The company hired an expert to analyze its problems from a legal perspective.
该公司雇用一位专家以用法律的观点分析它的问题。
More to Learn
hungry [ ˋhʌŋgrɪ ] a. 饥饿的
• Doug loses his temper easily when he is hungry.
道格肚子饿时很容易发脾气。
以下介绍 hungry 的常见搭配词:
a. go hungry 吃不饱，挨饿
• Milly is a picky eater who would rather go hungry than eat anything she doesn’t like. 米莉很挑食，她宁愿饿肚子也不吃任何她不喜欢的 东西。
b. as hungry as a bear 饥肠辘辘
• Jeremy was as hungry as a bear in the afternoon since he only drank a bottle of milk for lunch. 杰洛米下午觉得饥肠辘辘，因为他中午只喝了一瓶 牛奶。
c. the hungry 挨饿的人，饥民
*the 加形容词泛指同一特定类型的群体，因此 the hungry 即等于 hungry people。
• The organization aims to help the hungry in that region where a war just happened.
该组织旨在帮助那个刚发生战争之区域的饥民们。
d. hungry 也可以表「渴望的」。
be hungry for sth / to V 渴望(做)⋯⋯
= be eager for sth / to V
• Since the pandemic has lasted for more than two years, people are hungry for normal life.
因为疫情已经持续两年多了，所以人们很渴望正常 的生活。
e. 字尾 -hungry 表「渴望/渴求⋯⋯的」，可与名词 搭配使用，形成复合形容词。
• Power-hungry people may acquire power by any means.
渴望权力的人可能会不择手段以获取权力。
中文翻译
肚子饿了吗?先去读书吧!
饥饿是地球上每个人一生至少会经历一次的感受。饥饿的信号 ── 强烈的饥饿感和肚子咕噜叫的声音 ── 通常会变得愈来愈频繁，直到对食物的挂念压倒了我们脑中其他的思想。所以有点意外的是，耶鲁医学院的研究员最近发现饥饿其实可以让我们更聪明。
该研究团队一直在研究饥饿素这种贺尔蒙，以及它在身体里会经过的路径。饥饿素由肠胃分泌，而且会刺激我们脑中称为下视丘的区块。该区块意识到饥饿并促使身体去取得食物。而这些科学家发现的是，海马回中也有饥饿素，该部位是大脑中负责学习和记忆的区域。
为了测试饥饿素对智力的影响，科学家为他们的实验鼠设计了一些迷宫和测验。他们将一群被注射该贺尔蒙的老鼠和另一群未被注射的控制组做比较。被注射饥饿素的老鼠在每个任务和测试中都胜过控制组。
虽然这看似违反直觉，但如果从演化的观点来看就说得通。我们的祖先是猎人、采集者和觅食者。当他们肚子饿时，他们必须追捕并寻找自己的食物。这个任务需要极度专注。所以，下次你在准备期末考时，肚子微饿可能会帮助你专心。
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
compare [kəmˋpɛr]
vi. （可与……）匹敌
vt. 把……比作
vt. & vi. 比较
●
sensation [sɛnˋseʃən]
n. 感觉， 知觉；轰动（的事情）
●
compel [kəmˋpɛl]
vt. 迫使
●
overwhelm [͵ovɚˋhwɛlm]
vt. 战胜；（因强烈的情感）使不知所措；淹没
●
revolutionary [͵rɛvəˋluʃən͵ɛrɪ]
a. 革命性的；创新的
n. 革命家
●
intelligence [ɪnˋtɛlədʒəns]
n. 聪明才智；情报
●
concentrate [ˋkɑnsɛn͵tret]
n. 浓缩物
.vt. & vi. 集中
●
register [ˋrɛdʒɪstɚ]
.vt. & vi. 登记，注册；流露
n. 登记（本），注册（本）
●
ancestor [ˋænsɛstɚ]
n. 祖先，祖宗；血统
●
stimulate [ˋstɪmjə͵let]
vt. 刺激 ; 促进 ; 激励
●
hormone [ˋhɔrmon]
n. 荷尔蒙
●
grumble [ˋgrʌmb!]
a. . 抱怨（常用复数）
●
ghrelin [ˈɡrɛlɪn]
n. 饥饿素
●
hippocampus [͵hɪpəˋkæmpəs]
n. 海马回
●
maze [mez]
n. 迷宫
●
outperform [͵aʊtpɚˋfɔrm]
vt. 胜过，超过
●
counterintuitive
a. 违反直觉的
●
forager [ˋfɔrɪdʒɚ]
n. 觅食者
